Nutrition for donors. Guidelines.

Do's and Don'ts before a general blood test

Drink: Drink water in the usual amount, and for children you can even increase the portion a couple of hours before donating blood. This will reduce the viscosity of the blood and make the collection easier. Avoid sugary drinks and alcohol, alcohol affects the number of white blood cells and is eliminated from the body in only three days.

Eat: Eat your last meal 8 hours before your test. It is best to have dinner and come to the laboratory in the morning on an empty stomach. You should especially avoid eating fatty foods, as they can lead to chylosis, which will make the sample completely unsuitable for research.

Exercise: It is advisable to avoid really hard workouts and a lot of stress the day before the blood test. A bathhouse is contraindicated, as is swimming in an ice hole; all this will affect the final results.

Urine tests:

General urine analysis

• On the eve of the test, it is recommended not to eat vegetables and fruits that can change the color of urine (beets, carrots, etc.), and not to take diuretics.
• Before collecting urine, it is necessary to perform a thorough hygienic toilet of the genitals.
• Women are not recommended to take a urine test during menstruation.

Collect your morning urine in a container. To properly conduct the study, during the first morning urination, release a small amount of urine (the first 1 - 2 seconds) into the toilet, and then, without interrupting urination, place a urine collection container into which to collect approximately 50-100 ml of urine. Close the container tightly with the screw cap.

A specialized plastic container is the optimal means of collecting and transporting urine for laboratory research. Ask at pharmacies. The container is a wide-neck graduated translucent glass with a capacity of 125 ml with a hermetically screw-on lid. The container is sterile, does not require pre-treatment and is completely ready for use.

Nechiporenko test

To analyze urine using the Nechiporenko method, the morning portion is collected in the middle of urination (“middle portion”). 15-25 ml is enough.

24-hour urine collection

For laboratory studies, in the morning before collecting urine, it is necessary to toilet the external genitalia.

The first morning urine sample is not collected, but the time of urination is noted. Subsequently, all urine excreted in 24 hours from the marked time of the first urination to the same hour the next day is collected.

The collection of daily urine is optimally carried out in a specialized graduated plastic container of 2.7 liters, which has a wide neck and a textured handle. The container is safe and easy to handle.

You should urinate directly into the container and screw the lid tightly after each urination. Urine should be stored in a closed container in the refrigerator on the bottom shelf, avoiding freezing.

At the end of the collection (the last urination is performed at the same time, which is marked as the time of the first urination, but one day later), the urine can be submitted to the laboratory: the daily volume of urine in a closed container is shaken, after which it is poured into a small container for clinical urine analysis of 125 ml 100 ml portion. You don't need to bring all your urine. At the medical center, report the daily amount of urine.

Collection of daily urine according to Zimnitsky

Urine is collected per day (8 servings in 8 containers, every 3 hours). The first portion of urine in the morning is removed. All subsequent portions of urine excreted during the day, night and the morning portion of the next day are collected in different containers (50 ml) purchased at the pharmacy, each with the time of collection signed.

After collecting urine, accurately measure the contents of the container, be sure to mix it and immediately pour it into a container purchased at the pharmacy. Bring the container to the medical center for examination. You don't need to bring all your urine. At the medical center, report the daily amount of urine.

Urine for sugar

From the daily amount of urine, 50-100 ml of urine or 3 portions of urine collected per day with intervals of 8 hours are delivered to the laboratory:

1 serving - from 8 to 16 hours

2 servings - from 16 to 24 hours

3 servings - from 24 to 8 am (as directed by a doctor).

Urine for PCR studies (tuberculosis, CMV, STIs)

Before collecting urine, it is necessary to toilet the external genitalia. Urine is collected in the morning on an empty stomach after sleep or no earlier than 2-3 hours after the last urination into a sterile plastic container. The minimum volume of urine required for analysis is 20 ml.

Urine for bacteriological research

The urine sample is collected only in a sterile container.

Urine must be collected before starting antibacterial treatment or 3 days after therapy. If the patient is taking antibacterial drugs, then it is necessary to decide on their temporary withdrawal.

After thoroughly toileting the external genitalia, flush the first portion of urine into the toilet, collect the middle portion of 3-5 ml in a sterile hermetically sealed container. Deliver the urine to the laboratory within 1-2 hours; if this is not possible, then the urine sample can be stored in the refrigerator for no more than a day. When transporting the sample, care must be taken to ensure that the stopper does not get wet.

Dos and don’ts before biochemical tests: general biochemistry, cholesterol, glucose

Drink: Drink as usual, but make sure it's water and not soda or alcohol. It is advisable to eliminate coffee and tea one day before.

There are: before a biochemical blood test there are most restrictions on food. The day before donating blood, it is necessary to exclude from the menu fatty foods (it will affect cholesterol levels), sweets in large quantities, even grapes (the biochemical complex includes glucose measurement), purine-rich foods such as meat, liver, legumes (so as not to mislead the doctor). misconception of high uric acid levels). It is necessary to take the test on an empty stomach; you can have your last meal 8 hours before the procedure.

Loads: Peak loads are still not recommended.

Medications: All unnecessary medications must be eliminated the week before blood donation. But if you have medications prescribed by your doctor that cannot be canceled, do not be upset, indicate the names and dosages on the prescription itself.

Even if you were inattentive and had a heavy breakfast on the day of the test, don’t be upset. Instead of going to donate blood and pay for results that may be incorrect, re-register the next morning with Lab4U. Just 3 clicks and any of our medical centers will be waiting for you at a convenient time. And a 50% discount on all biochemical studies will relieve you of stress!

Fully or partially limited products

From the diet per day, completely exclude fried, smoked, fatty and spicy foods, all fish, meat and dairy products, canned meat and fish, poultry, rabbit, eggs, animal and cooking fat, oil (including vegetable oil), nuts, highly carbonated, tonic and caffeine-containing drinks (tea, coffee, cola, Pepsi), chocolate, dates. Avocados, bananas, oranges, lemons and tangerines are excluded from fruits. From greens - cilantro, dill. Drinking alcoholic beverages is not allowed.

Table of prohibited products

Do's and don'ts before hormone tests: TSH, testosterone, hCG

Drink: There are no restrictions on water.

Yes: like all other tests, it is advisable to take hormones in the morning on an empty stomach. Eating a large breakfast may affect your thyroid hormone levels or make your sample unusable for testing.

Exercise: Human hormones react to physical activity and stress very noticeably. Your testosterone production may change from training the day before; stress affects cortisol and TSH levels. Therefore, if you are donating blood for thyroid hormone tests, we advise you to avoid nerves and fuss as much as possible on the morning of the test and the day before. In the case of tests for sex hormones, exclude training, baths, and try to sleep for a sufficient amount of time.

Medicines: for analysis of TSH, T3, T4, it is better to exclude iodine preparations 2-3 days before donating blood; we recommend checking your multivitamins, they may contain iodine.

Other: do not forget that women need to take tests for sex hormones on certain days of the cycle; it is usually recommended to take tests on days 3-5 or 19-21 of the menstrual cycle, depending on the purpose of the study, unless the treating doctor has prescribed other dates.

Authorized Products

Before donating blood for analysis, the diet includes buckwheat porridge from groats, rice porridge in water, pearl barley porridge in water, premium boiled pasta, wheat bread, sliced ​​loaf, white bread crackers, various juices, sweet tea with jam, mineral still water, compotes, fruit drinks, vegetables and fruits: apricots, pears, apples, pomegranates, plums, prunes and dried apricots.

Table of permitted products

Do's and don'ts before testing for infections: PCR and antibodies

Tests for infections can be either the determination of antibodies in blood serum, in which case all general preparation rules apply to blood donation, or the determination of infections using the PCR method, the material for which is taken using a urogenital smear.

Drink: There is no need to increase the amount of water you drink, drink as much as you feel thirsty. You should especially not drink alcohol before testing for infections; it can serve as a provocation.

Yes: food has a lesser effect on the results of tests to detect infections. However, try to eat no later than 4-5 hours before donating blood and still avoid fatty foods.

Exercise: if you are donating blood, cancel training, baths, saunas the day before the procedure. In the case of a urogenital smear, this is not so important.

Medicines: you definitely risk getting an unreliable test result for infections if you start taking antibiotics before the test! Be careful, if treatment has already begun, identifying infections will be difficult! With the rest of the medications, everything is as usual - it is better to cancel it, if it is impossible to cancel it, indicate the names and doses on the directions.

Other: a urogenital smear must be taken by a doctor, so be sure to make an appointment for the procedure at a specific time in advance. Men are advised not to urinate for 1.5-2 hours before taking material from the urethra. It is unacceptable to take material from women during menstruation and within 3 days after their end.

Tests for hormones and infections can be expensive, especially if you take more than one test, more than once. Lab4U offers you comprehensive examinations with a 50% discount. Hormonal female complex of tests Hormonal male complex of tests STI-12 (complex of tests using PCR for 12 sexually transmitted infections)

List of contraindications to donating blood and its components

I. ABSOLUTE CONTRAINDICATIONS (withdrawal from donation, regardless of the duration of the disease and treatment results)

Blood-borne diseases:

1. Infectious:

• AIDS, HIV carriers and people at risk (homosexuals, drug addicts, prostitutes);
• Syphilis, congenital or acquired;
• Viral hepatitis, positive test result for markers of viral hepatitis (HBsAg, anti-HCV antibodies);
• Tuberculosis, all forms;
• Brucellosis;
• Typhus;
• Tularemia;
• Leprosy;

• Parasitic:
• Echinococcosis;
• Toxoplasmosis;
• Trypanosomiasis;
• Filariasis;
• Guinea worm;
• Leishmaniasis;

Somatic diseases:

1. Malignant neoplasms;
2. Blood diseases;
3. Organic diseases of the central nervous system;
4. Complete absence of hearing and speech;
5. Mental illnesses;
6. Drug addiction, alcoholism;
7. Cardiovascular diseases:

• Hypertension stage II–III;
• Cardiac ischemia;
• Atherosclerosis, atherosclerotic cardiosclerosis;
• Obliterating endarteritis, nonspecific aortoarteritis, recurrent thrombophlebitis;
• Endocarditis, myocarditis;
• Heart disease;

• Bronchial asthma;
• Bronchiectasis, pulmonary emphysema, obstructive bronchitis, diffuse pneumosclerosis in the stage of decompensation;

• Achilles gastritis;
• Peptic ulcer of the stomach and duodenum;

• Chronic liver diseases, including those of a toxic nature and unknown etiology;
• Calculous cholecystitis with repeated attacks and symptoms of cholangitis;
• Cirrhosis of the liver;

• Diffuse and focal kidney damage;
• Urolithiasis disease;

• Ozena;
• Other acute and chronic severe purulent-inflammatory diseases;

• Residual effects of uveitis (iritis, iridocyclitis, chorioretinitis);
• High myopia (6 D or more);
• Trachoma;
• Complete blindness;

• Common skin diseases of an inflammatory and infectious nature;
• Generalized psoriasis, erythroderma, eczema, pyoderma, sycosis, lupus erythematosus, blistering dermatoses;
• Fungal infections of the skin (microsporia, trichophytosis, favus, epidermophytosis) and internal organs (deep mycoses);
• Pustular skin diseases (pyoderma, furunculosis, sycosis);

II. TEMPORARY CONTRAINDICATIONS

Note:

If the donor has diseases not included in this List, the issue of admission to donation is decided by a commission by a transfusiologist and the relevant specialist(s).

What and how can affect the test results?

Why do we insist so much on eliminating food and especially fatty foods before donating blood? If this rule is not followed, your sample may not be suitable for analysis due to chylosis. This is a condition when the content of triglycerides (fat particles) in the blood serum is exceeded, it becomes cloudy and cannot be examined.

Alcohol affects so many blood parameters that it would be difficult to list them. This includes blood glucose, the content of red blood cells, the content of lactate in the blood, and uric acid. It’s best to just remember that 2-3 days before the test you should give up even low-alcohol drinks.

Following these simple rules will help you make an accurate diagnosis and avoid repeated visits to the treatment room.