Causes of chest pain: diagnosis, treatment

Chest pain is a rather unpleasant sensation that can be life-threatening. It is important to react in time to prevent a disaster. The main causes of chest pain: heart, respiratory organs, problems with muscles and bones. Let's look at all possible options.

When pain is deadly

The cause of chest pain is the heart

Why else can you feel chest pain?

Useful VIDEO on chest pain

Diagnosis of chest pain

When pain is deadly

The most dangerous pain sensations are those associated with heart and lung diseases. This condition can be recognized by the following signs:

1. The painful sensation lasts more than 5 minutes.
2. A sharp burning pain behind the sternum, which gradually spreads to the neck, shoulders and back.
3. There is a feeling of pressure and tightness in the chest.
4. The heart rate increases greatly, the patient finds it difficult to breathe, and shortness of breath appears.
5. The person breaks into a cold sweat, dizziness begins, weakness and nausea with vomiting appear.

If any of the listed symptoms occur, you should immediately call an ambulance.

Treatment of chest pain

It is extremely important to immediately go to a specialist when the first chest pain appears. If the symptom is provoked by any disease, such efficiency will prevent its intensive development.

It is equally important to find a truly competent specialist who works with proven and reliable diagnostic equipment. It is the accuracy of the latter’s testimony that largely determines how accurate the diagnosis will be made and, therefore, the optimal course of treatment will be selected.

A large staff of highly qualified therapists, gynecologists, oncologists, surgeons and ultrasound diagnostic specialists is assembled at JSC “Medicine” (clinic of Academician Roitberg). Conveniently located in the center of Moscow, the medical center building has many comfortable access roads, in particular, it is distinguished by the close location of the Tverskaya, Chekhovskaya, Novoslobodskaya, Belorusskaya and Mayakovskaya metro stations.

Reception of specialists is carried out by appointment. To get a consultation, just call 24/7 +7 (495) 775-73-60 or leave a request for an appointment in the return appointment form on the main page of the clinic’s website.

The cause of chest pain is the heart

The following pathologies can provoke the occurrence of pain in the heart:

1. Heart attack. A condition that occurs as a result of a blood clot that blocks one or more arteries that supply blood to the heart. During a heart attack, a sharp, sharp and burning pain occurs behind the sternum.
2. Cardiomyopathy. This pathology includes a number of diseases that are united by one symptom - the heart muscle begins to weaken, resulting in difficulties with pumping blood. Pain due to cardiomyopathy may occur after eating or exercising.
3. Aortic rupture. The aorta is the largest artery in the human body, which receives blood directly from the heart. Over time, due to heavy load, the walls of the aorta begin to thin and aneurysmal sacs appear, with which a person can live for a long time without any signs of an aneurysm. But sometimes the walls of the aorta cannot withstand it, as a result of which dissection or rupture can occur. This condition is fatal to humans, therefore, in case of sudden acute pain in the chest, which does not subside, is accompanied by dizziness and profuse cold sweating, as well as rapid breathing, it is necessary to urgently call an ambulance.

Causes of mastopathy

The main cause of mastopathy is a hormonal disorder, namely excessive production of estrogen, which promotes tissue proliferation, and a lack of progesterone, which regulates the proliferation process. The second reason may be an excessive amount of the hormone prolactin, which is responsible for milk production during breastfeeding.

Therefore, before prescribing treatment, you should establish the cause: take hormone tests.

Those women who have the following diseases are at risk:

• Ovarian tumors
• Myomas
• Endometriosis
• Inflammation of the pelvic organs
• Thyroid diseases
• Obesity
• Adrenal gland dysfunction
• Diabetes
• Diseases of the liver and gastrointestinal tract

Hormonal imbalance and, as a result, mastopathy can be caused by the following reasons:

• Chest injuries
• Tight, uncomfortable underwear
• Stress
• Irregular sex or lack thereof
• Abortion
• Refusal of breastfeeding (BF)
• GW less than 6 months and more than one and a half years
• Iodine deficiency
• Alcohol abuse
• Smoking

Why else can you feel chest pain?

Chest pain can be related to the respiratory, digestive and muscle organs.

Respiratory problems

1. Pneumonia. Pneumonia is a complication after suffering from influenza or other colds. The patient experiences shortness of breath and severe pain when trying to take a breath.
2. Lung collapse. Pneumothorax, or collapsed lung, occurs when air gets trapped between the lungs and the ribs. The patient experiences shortness of breath and severe pain.
3. Pleurisy. A disease characterized by inflammation of the pleura. Pain in the chest of a patient with pleurisy occurs during every attempt to take a breath.
4. Lungs' cancer. Pain can occur even at rest. This is often accompanied by a wet cough with blood in the sputum.

Digestive problems

Pathologies of the gastrointestinal tract also cause chest pain:

1. Heartburn. This condition occurs when gastric juice enters the esophagus. Often with heartburn, a burning sensation appears behind the sternum.
2. Diseases of the pancreas and gall bladder. Gallstones or inflammation of the gallbladder can cause pain in the right side of the chest.
3. Dysphagia. Pathology characterized by problems with swallowing. In some cases, it can cause severe chest pain.

Muscle and bone problems

Muscle and bone problems causing chest pain:

1. Rib injuries. Pain occurs with fractures or bruises of the ribs and soft tissues.
2. Fibromyalgia. The disease is characterized by dull pain in the muscles, the nature of which is still unknown. The pain caused by fibromyalgia can last for several months.
3. Costochondritis. A disease in which the cartilage connecting the chest and ribs becomes inflamed. Signs of costochondritis resemble a heart attack.

How to recognize breast diseases and keep your breasts healthy and beautiful

In pursuit of the external beauty of our breasts, we use many products to change the shape, increase volume and tighten the skin... But we often forget about the main thing - the breasts should be healthy!

Signs you should pay attention to and consult a doctor immediately

1. Do not tolerate pain in the mammary glands! Pain is your body’s distress signal and its request for help!
2. Any changes in the shape, symmetry or size of the mammary glands, changes in the configuration of the mammary glands (retracted areas or protrusions).
3. Condition of the nipple and halos (deformation, ulcers, retracted areas).
4. The presence of discharge from the nipple and halos, their nature (color, quantity).
5. Condition of the skin of the mammary gland (redness, swelling, “lemon” peel).
6. Expanded network of blood vessels
7. The presence of nodular seals, painful areas.
8. Enlargement, hardening or tenderness of the axillary and lymph nodes.

How to recognize breast diseases and keep your breasts healthy and beautiful?

Answer a few simple questions:

• Every month, a few days before your period, do you feel that your breasts are swollen, swollen, and painful?
• Can you feel lumps of different sizes in the mammary glands?
• Do you experience nipple discharge when pressure is applied?
• Are you taking birth control pills?
• Are you taking menopausal or hormone replacement therapy?
• Do you experience constant nagging pain in the mammary glands?
• Are you overweight, have diabetes, or have thyroid disease?
• How long have you been smoking?
• Have any of your close relatives had any cases of breast, uterine or ovarian cancer?
• Have you had a late first birth (after 30 years of age) or have you had an abortion or postpartum mastitis?
• Have you had breast surgery?

If you answered “YES” to at least one question, you need a consultation with a mammologist.

Risk factors for breast cancer:

• first pregnancy over 30 years of age;
• body mass index more than 30 kg/m2, after menopause (insulin resistance);
• menarche up to 12 years;
• alcohol abuse;
• high intake of saturated fat;
• late menopause;
• the woman has a family history of breast cancer;
• carriage of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 genes

We regularly brush our teeth, go for manicures and pedicures, cut our hair, do makeup - and all these are common hygiene procedures for most women. So why does breast self-examination hygiene remain something unnecessary for most women?

Regular examination is a reliable method of preventing breast cancer, especially in women with recurrent breast pain!

Methods for diagnosing breast diseases:

1. 1. Self-examination of the mammary glands once a month.
2. 2. Examination by a gynecologist at least once a year.
3. Ultrasound of the mammary glands is most informative in women under 35 years of age at least once a year. The advantages of the method are as follows :

• safety in terms of dose load;
• no age restrictions;
• high resolution;
• assessment of the condition of silicone breast implants;
• examination of the mammary glands during the acute period of severe mastalgia, injury or inflammation;
• visualization of regional lymph nodes;
• conducting targeted puncture biopsies under objective visual control of palpable and non-palpable formations in the mammary gland;
• pregnant and lactating women;
• examination of children and adolescents;
• dynamic control during treatment;
• monitoring of benign tumors.

1. Mammography is an X-ray examination of breast tissue that can detect tumors before they can be felt by palpation. Recommended for all women over 40 years old once a year; for women from 35 to 40 years old, it is performed in case of tumor-like changes during objective ultrasound and other studies. Mammography is necessary before plastic surgery or prescribing hormonal therapy. Mammograms are performed in the first phase of the menstrual cycle (from 5 to 12 days, counting from the first day of menstruation); For menopausal women, images can be taken at any time.

1. Biopsy with cytological or histological examination - obtaining, under ultrasound control, a small number of cells or a piece of tumor for examination under a microscope (as indicated).
2. Determination of tumor markers (Ca15-3, CEA) are substances that a tumor releases into the human blood. At the same time, the most significant increase in these indicators is observed in malignant diseases, which allows the use of tumor markers, firstly, for early diagnosis of cancer, and secondly, for monitoring ongoing antitumor therapy and early detection of metastases. However, a slight increase in the level of tumor markers in the blood is possible with benign processes and inflammatory diseases of organs. Therefore, the detection of elevated levels of one or another tumor marker is not a basis for diagnosing cancer , but serves as a reason for an in-depth examination of the patient.
3. Determination of susceptibility genes BRCA1 and BRCA2

Conducted studies suggest that mutations of these genes are responsible for 30-40% of hereditary predisposition to breast cancer.

OKDC has all the listed modern and relevant methods for diagnosing the condition of the mammary glands.

Breast self-examination

Self-examination should be carried out on the 5-7th day after menstruation or on the same day every month if there is no menstruation.

If you notice any external changes to your breasts or changes in sensation in the breast area, consult your doctor immediately.

Please note that with each passing month, self-examination will become an increasingly simple and familiar procedure for you.

6 Easy Steps to Perform a Breast Exam

(it’s best to do this while standing in the bathroom with soapy hands)

Step 1

Self-examination begins with examining the mammary glands in front of a mirror. Stand up straight, lower your arms along your body. Carefully examine the mammary glands, paying attention to changes in the volume and shape of the breast, as well as changes in the color of the skin, nipple and areola.

Step 2

Raise your hands behind your head. Examine the mammary glands in this position: their shape, the presence of retractions or bulges. Make sure there are no areas of lemon peel or discoloration on the skin. The shape and size of the mammary glands may differ slightly from each other, this is not a sign of a disease, but if these differences suddenly appear or increase, you need to consult a doctor

Step 3

Lightly squeeze the nipple with the thumb and index finger of your opposite hand. Check to see if there is any discharge from the nipple. If there is discharge, be sure to pay attention to its color.

Step 4

Raise your right arm and throw it behind your head. Using the pads of three or four fingers of your left hand, in a circular motion, slowly palpate your right breast.

For a more thorough examination, divide the mammary gland into 4 parts (quadrants) and conduct the examination sequentially - quadrant by quadrant. Repeat the same with the left breast (mirror).

Step 5

Examine the mammary glands in quadrants while lying down. This will allow a more thorough examination of the lower areas of the mammary gland.

Step 6

Feel the armpit and try to locate the axillary lymph nodes. If they have recently become palpable or their shape has changed, then pay attention to this and tell your gynecologist about your observations.

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Diagnosis of chest pain

In order to make a correct diagnosis explaining the causes of pain, it is necessary:

• Consult a cardiologist
• Take a blood test - general and biochemical; in addition, it is necessary to check the blood for markers of myocardial infarction
• If you have a severe cough, you need to do a sputum test.
• Take an electrocardiogram
• If necessary, supplement with cardiac ultrasound examination

If you experience pain in the chest, you cannot make a diagnosis based on knowledge obtained from the Internet. It is necessary to consult a doctor who will identify the exact cause and prescribe adequate treatment.

Symptoms of mastopathy

Most women consider moderate tenderness of the mammary glands before menstruation to be normal and do not consult a doctor with complaints. The mammologist is visited only by those whose breasts cause pain even when wearing a bra; they can only sleep on their backs, and if they have to travel in public transport, the slightest shock causes severe pain. A woman experiences pain when touching her breasts during sex. Only in this case do patients come to their senses and make an appointment with a mammologist.

In addition to pain, the woman feels an enlargement of the mammary glands, sometimes clear liquid is released from the nipple. The breast may feel heterogeneous to the touch, and sometimes lumps can be felt.