Deviation of blood pressure indicators from the norm is accompanied by a deterioration in general well-being, both in the case of its increase and decrease. To establish blood pressure (BP) levels, measurements using a tonometer are used, but there are situations when a person cannot use this method. Therefore, people have developed effective and simple ways to determine values without using an instrument. How to measure blood pressure without a tonometer to get more accurate results?
Methods for measuring blood pressure at home
Blood pressure depends on your emotional state, so under stress it can increase significantly. Fluctuations in blood pressure occur as a result of taking medications, overwork, against the background of hormonal imbalance, as well as with excess body weight.
Optimal pressure indicators are within 120/80 mm. rt. Art., but in most cases the patient has individual indicators at which he feels good. Purchasing a tonometer is not necessary, since blood pressure can be monitored using proven methods.
Among them are the following effective methods for measuring blood pressure:
- determination by heart rate;
- diagnostics based on the body's reaction;
- identification by localization and nature of headache;
- methodology for establishing indicators with a pendulum and ruler.
If changes in blood pressure do not regularly bother a person, then you can do without purchasing a device by using traditional methods.
Interpretation of indicators
The blood pressure of an adult is distributed by doctors as follows:
- optimal. 120 by 80 units and slightly lower;
- normally acceptable. Up to 130 to 85;
- moderately elevated. Up to 139 to 89.
Numbers above the moderately elevated limit indicate hypertension.
Children's blood pressure may have different standards depending on age; they are determined by the doctor.
How to determine high or low pressure without a pressure gauge?
The symptoms of hypertension and hypotension are significantly different, so the patient can independently understand which condition corresponds to the pressure at the moment.
Low pressure is diagnosed at values of 100/60 mm. rt. Art. With these indicators, the vascular lumen expands, which causes a deterioration in blood flow and leads to insufficient oxygen supply to the brain. Therefore, people experience fatigue, drowsiness, and malaise.
Characteristic signs of decreased blood pressure:
- dizziness, especially with a sudden change in body position;
- dull headache in the frontal lobes;
- decreased performance;
- deterioration of mental processes.
A decrease in blood pressure may be accompanied by pain in the heart area.
Blood pressure is considered high when it is 130/90 mm. rt. Art. High blood pressure can be determined by the following signs:
How to lower intracranial pressure at home
- cardiopalmus;
- dizziness;
- visual disturbances in the form of flashing “flies” before the eyes;
- temporal artery pulsation;
- headache in the occipital area.
High blood pressure is characterized by a feeling of heat that spreads throughout the body.
Ultrasonic sticker
American scientists from the University of California at San Diego have developed a flexible, thin “ultrasonic” patch that can measure blood pressure in large vessels such as the jugular vein and carotid artery.
The new device can measure pressure in blood vessels that are located at a depth of up to 4 cm under the skin. It is made of silicone elastomer with electronics “islands” included in it, which are connected to each other using thin wavy conductors. Each such “island” includes a miniature ultrasonic sensor (transducer) and these sensors work together to emit ultrasonic waves and process the signal reflected from the body.
The "patch" essentially measures the dilation of a blood vessel from one heartbeat to the next. This extension can be converted into blood pressure data using a specialized algorithm. According to the developers, this device is capable of measuring with the same accuracy as invasive means of monitoring central aortic pressure.
If the development is eventually translated into a final product, patients will be able to enjoy all the benefits of continuous, highly accurate blood pressure monitoring that other pressure monitoring alternatives cannot provide today.
Determination of blood pressure level by pulse
You can measure blood pressure without a tonometer using the method of determining heart rate. This method is used by both patients and specialists. According to medical research, there is a definite connection between pulse and blood pressure. Thus, by the filling, rhythm, and heart rate, the presence of heart failure and vascular pathologies can be diagnosed. It is difficult to independently set pulse parameters, but by pulse frequency you can determine some characteristics of blood pressure. When determining the pulse, it is necessary to take into account age, constitutional features, weather conditions, as well as emotional state.
Norms of heart rate and blood pressure by age
Characteristics of pulse at low and high blood pressure:
- High blood pressure. Heart rate is accelerated (more than 90 beats/min), strong pulsation does not disappear when pressing on the artery, the pulse tension is solid.
- Low blood pressure. The heart rate is slow (55-60 beats/min), the pulsation is weak, disappears when pressing on the vessel, the pulse is not tense, soft.
Important! Normal values for a healthy person are 60-80 beats/min. In hypotensive patients, heart rate fluctuates between 60-50 beats/min, and in hypertensive patients – more than 80 beats/min.
To ensure accurate heart rate measurement results, you must adhere to the following rules:
- Take the most relaxed position possible; it is better to lie down with your eyes closed before the procedure.
- Determine the point on the body where the heartbeat can be heard most accurately (inner side of the hand, elbow bends, under the chin).
- Calculate the number of beats in 30 seconds.
- Multiply the result by 2.
The reliability of the results may be affected by the level of physical fitness, emotional and mental state, consumption of caffeinated drinks, and medications. Therefore, it is not recommended to rely entirely on these studies; you should additionally check your blood pressure using other measurement methods.
Definition by symptoms
You can determine your blood pressure by symptoms without a device and a cuff based on the complaints presented. Using objective and subjective symptoms, they check what kind of pressure is bothering a person.
Objective symptoms include:
- With reduced indicators (pallor of the skin, weak venous network).
- At high levels (the skin of the face takes on a red tint, the venous pattern in the cheek area increases, the whites of the eyes become pinkish).
Subjective signs of hypertensive syndrome:
- nausea, vomiting;
- pain in the heart area;
- numbness of the tongue, limbs;
- intense headache in the occipital region;
- noise in ears;
- visual acuity disorder.
The above symptoms do not indicate the development of hypertension; they indicate a temporary increase in blood pressure, which can be provoked by certain medications, mental fatigue, physical activity, and excessive coffee consumption.
Differential symptoms to determine the condition
The following series of signs are characteristic of low blood pressure values:
- causeless weakness;
- drowsiness;
- low performance;
- lack of oxygen;
- frequent urge to yawn;
- lack of concentration.
Diagnosis of accompanying symptoms will help you know the pattern of changes in blood pressure levels, which will help you take measures to alleviate the condition.
Diagnosis by localization of headache
Headache indicates changes in blood pressure under the influence of various factors. Therefore, pressure can be determined without a tonometer by the nature and location of the pain syndrome.
Signs of hypertensive headache:
- localized in the posterior region of the occipital lobes;
- pain of a pulsating nature, radiating to the frontal area;
- the pain intensifies with movement, accompanied by dizziness.
Pain syndrome at high values very often causes attacks of nausea, as well as pressure in the eyeballs.
Hypotensive syndrome is manifested by pain localized in the front of the head in the frontal area, accompanied by drowsiness, fatigue, and apathy.
Quantitative measurement with pendulum and ruler
One of the popular folk methods of measuring pressure without a device is the method using a pendulum and ruler. The reliability of the results is indirect, since no formal studies have been conducted to confirm the method. It can be attributed to the field of bioenergy, when bioelectric impulses are recorded on the human body.
To carry out the procedure you need to prepare:
- thread 20 cm long;
- ring or bolt;
- ruler no less than 20 cm.
Using a thread and a weight, you need to create a pendulum.
To obtain more accurate results, it is necessary to measure points on both hands
The technique is carried out according to a certain algorithm:
- Relax, take a sitting position and place your hand on a hard surface.
- Place the ruler on the forearm from the hand to the bend of the elbow, so that the numbers are on top.
- Move the pendulum along the ruler with smooth movements from the hand to the elbow. At the moment the pendulum oscillates, you need to mark the point directly at the place where this will happen on the ruler. This mark will correspond to the diastolic reading.
- We continue the movement of the pendulum until the oscillation stops in order to measure the distance corresponding to the systolic indicator.
- The results obtained must be multiplied by 10. So, if the first point is located at 9 cm, and the second at 12 cm, then when multiplied, we get 120/90 mm. rt. Art.
The method with a ruler and a pendulum does not provide 100% information content, since fluctuations depend on the influence of external factors that affect the accuracy of the results.
Modern gadgets for determining blood pressure
We live in a world in which technology development does not stand still. Today you can find a wide range of devices on sale that can monitor vital signs of the body 24 hours a day. Some of them can measure blood pressure, let's look at them in more detail.
Biosensor W/me2
This multifunctional gadget is equipped with a pedometer, calorie counter, vibration alarm, and sleep monitoring function. And also, in addition to all of the above, he can take ECG readings, measure blood pressure and count pulse. And all this wide functionality is contained in a small sensor that can be worn on the arm in the form of a bracelet, or on the chest by attaching it to a special cardio belt. All data received by the device is synchronized with a mobile phone.
To measure pressure, you need to place your fingertip on a special sensor and press slightly. The measurement error is 3-7% compared to an automatic tonometer.
Scanadu Scout - health tracking controller
Inspired by Dr. Leonard McCoy's medical tricorder from the popular science fiction series Star Trek, Scanadu has developed a modern medical device that can measure blood pressure, pulse, body temperature and blood oxygen levels in a matter of seconds, promptly transmitting all the data to a mobile phone. To do this, you need to apply the device to your forehead, wait a little and... done!
Reliability of the results obtained
Experts recommend that patients suffering from hypertension be measured using a mechanical tonometer, the error of which is 10-15 mm. rt. Art. Traditional methods for hypertensive patients can be used in emergency situations, when it is not possible to use the device, but you urgently need to take the medicine.
Before starting to measure indicators by pulse or other method, it is necessary to take into account that an increase in the level is observed in the systolic indicator. The diastolic indicator does not increase significantly; it can be by 15-20 mm. rt. Art. more than usually. If a large difference (pulse pressure) is recorded between the upper and lower values, then the person’s condition is considered serious.
Frequent fluctuations in blood pressure indicate a disruption in the functioning of the cardiovascular system. Therefore, for regular blood pressure monitoring, it is recommended to purchase an electrical or mechanical tonometer, which will help establish accurate data. Other measurement methods can act as an auxiliary method. So, if the pulse quickens and a headache occurs in the back of the head, you can find out in advance that there has been an increase in pressure, which needs to be confirmed by using the device.
Expert opinion
Dr. Alexander Yuryevich Shishonin debunks the myth that blood pressure can be measured without the help of a tonometer. He notes that sometimes it is impossible to determine it even with a tonometer. Most often, this problem occurs in those users who have chosen the wrong tonometer.
Shishonin claims that it is impossible to measure blood pressure without special devices. These are internet stories that confuse and lead many people into a dead end. Maybe someone gets some kind of complications because of this, maybe even someone died because of this, because he didn’t measure his blood pressure in time, and he didn’t know that he was having a hypertensive crisis. This is not something to joke about. This is extremely dangerous to health.
Advice.
Dr. Shishonin recommends buying normal mechanical tonometers. Information on how to do this is presented in the video blog of the “Club of Former Hypertensive Patients.” Alexander Yuryevich talks in detail about how to choose an automatic device and how to use it.
Join the Club of Former Hypertensive Patients
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The author of many effective methods for the treatment of hypertension A.Yu. Shishonin is confident that by following all the recommendations presented in blogs and videos, his patients will be able to forget about hypertension and the complications that it causes.
