A survey of the adult population of Russia showed that more than 40% of patients have stable hypertension - a condition in which blood pressure levels are higher than the physiological and age norm. Doctors diagnose this disease when a person has blood pressure above 140/90 mmHg for a long time. Art. One-time surges in blood pressure can occur in almost every person; only constantly elevated blood pressure indicates pathology of the circulatory system. No less harmful to the body is the opposite phenomenon - hypotension, when the pressure drops to 95/65 mm Hg. and below.
How to lower lower blood pressure
To normalize blood pressure, you must first understand the reasons that increase it. For example, with adrenal or thyroid dysfunction, the cause is improper hormone production. When they are in excess, the lower blood pressure rises sharply. A person with one kidney in such an acute condition can die.
If jumps in lower pressure occur due to the accumulation of fluid in the body, it is important to establish the water-ion balance. In some people, it is disrupted due to poor nutrition, overeating, and abuse of salty and fatty foods. For others, fluid stagnation is caused by an imbalance of hormones. In the first case, you can return your lower blood pressure to normal by restoring your diet, daily physical activity, and excluding large amounts of salty, smoked, and fried foods. In a situation with the influence of hormonal levels, it is necessary to receive a course of treatment from an endocrinologist.
When lower pressure increases, the synthesis of renin is disrupted, which should normalize the force of action on the walls of blood vessels. But due to atherosclerosis, the pressure cannot be reduced - even with high elasticity of the walls, the lumen remains narrow due to overgrown atherosclerotic plaques. In such a situation, first of all, it is necessary to reduce the level of bad cholesterol in the blood and monitor its levels.
Increased lower pressure: causes
Lower blood pressure readings are often affected by emotional overload, stress, and excessive physical activity. If you have heart disease, it is important to avoid such situations. In addition, alcohol and salt can change the values. These two products have pronounced activity regarding the condition of blood vessels. Do not forget about smoking - this is an important factor that impedes the passage of oxygen through the bloodstream, reduces the elasticity of the walls of blood vessels and, as a result, makes them unable to respond to changes in external and internal factors.
Other reasons that increase lower blood pressure may be:
- adrenal dysfunction;
- pyelonephritis;
- renal failure;
- polycystic disease;
- amyloidosis;
- disorders of the thyroid gland, manifested by excessive or insufficient amounts of hormones produced.
- obesity;
- musculoskeletal problems;
- disturbances in the functioning of the heart.
An increase in lower pressure causes the kidneys to produce more renin - a special biological substance that, in the process of complex chemical reactions, activates the production of elements that have a vasoconstrictor effect. As a result, the heart is stimulated and blood pressure increases, which further aggravates the situation.
This situation can lead to chronic glomerulonephritis and kidney abnormalities. Normal blood flow is disrupted, the myocardium loses its ability to relax, the walls begin to be damaged, and their ability to stretch and contract in response to changes in temperature and other physical indicators decreases.
The absence of measures taken to normalize blood pressure will sooner or later lead to thromboembolism and impairment of cognitive reactions.
Lower pressure 90 - is this normal?
Every person should have a blood pressure monitor in their first aid kit. If there is no one in the family who could manually inflate the cuff with a bulb and determine the pressure parameters by the movement of the arrow, you can buy an automatic device. It is not much more expensive, and in addition to pressure, it also counts the pulse and can determine signs of arrhythmia. Feeling unwell for no apparent reason should be a reason to measure your blood pressure.
The optimal indicators are considered to be a pair of systolic and diastolic pressures of 120/70 Hg, but even if these numbers rise to 130/80 Hg, this will be considered normal. Values of 140/90 Hg and above are considered elevated. With these values, the doctor can already diagnose arterial hypertension and prescribe a course of treatment.
A lower pressure of 90 units indicates the onset of hypertension. Such values can also appear at a young age, so not only older people need to monitor their blood pressure. Young people have a higher tendency to identify chronic pathologies, which are often accompanied by associated complications.
Foods containing essential vitamins and minerals
To compensate for the lack of vitamins and minerals in hypertension, it is important to consume foods of natural origin.
- Potassium – found in nuts and raisins. In addition, this trace element can be obtained by drinking black and green tea.
- Calcium – present in nuts and rolled oats. Dairy products, especially cottage cheese, are also rich in it.
- Sodium is found in table salt, but it should be used with caution, as it provokes the formation of edema.
- Phosphorus is present in fish and all types of meat.
- Magnesium – rich in it: legumes, cereals, cereals (especially buckwheat). In addition, it is important to eat greens: sorrel, parsley, celery, basil, dill.
- Vitamin C - found in currants (of any type, but most of all in red and white), citrus fruits, sea buckthorn, rose hips.
- Retinol acetate – vegetables should be included in the diet: pumpkin, cabbage, tomato, bell pepper, asparagus. In addition, this component is present in greens.
- Thiamine - can be obtained by consuming wholemeal bread and brewer's yeast.
- Riboflavin – found in hard cheeses and dairy products. In addition, it is important to include in the diet: boiled eggs, liver, meat, cereals, rice.
- Choline – present in legumes and cereals. In addition, there is a lot of it in hard cheese and cottage cheese.
- Pyridoxine - found in the following foods: eggs (better to eat boiled than raw or fried), red fish, any types of cheese, high-fat cottage cheese, pork and beef liver, potatoes, white and Brussels sprouts.
- Cyanocobalamin – present in fruits: apricot, grapes. It is also found in grape leaves, raisins and dates.
- Tocopherol - can be obtained by consuming: olive and cottonseed oil, cereals and legumes.
- Rutin - present in some berries and fruits: citrus fruits, currants, cherries, rose hips, chokeberries, chokeberries.
- Folic acid – found in fish oil and white meat. In addition, the component is present in fish.
- Omega 3 – present in fish.
- Omega 6 – there is an increased content in egg whites and butter.
In addition, patients with hypertension should consume foods and drinks containing taurine (tuna, turkey meat, eggs, red fish, chicken). Taurine helps lower blood pressure and restores the patient's performance.
If you develop hypertension, you should stop drinking alcohol, as they increase blood pressure.
To get rid of hypertension forever, drug treatment is not enough. It is important for a person to follow a strict diet, which consists of consuming foods with a high content of vitamins and microelements. In addition, for hypertension, taking multivitamin complexes is recommended.
Calcium channel blockers
Drugs belonging to the group of calcium channel blockers have a therapeutic effect by preventing the free flow of calcium into cardiomyocytes and smooth muscle cells of the vascular wall of the heart. Taking such medications for hypertension has a vasodilating effect on the body, which leads to an increase in blood pressure.
Some calcium channel blockers not only treat high blood pressure, but also reduce heart rate, which makes them possible for use in arrhythmia and angina.
The following drugs can be included in this group:
- Verapamil
Verapamil belongs to the category of calcium channel inhibitors that have a pulse-shortening effect. The drug is available in dosages of 40 and 80 mg.
This medication is usually started with a minimum dosage, but for patients with the above-mentioned heart disorders, it may be initially increased. Verapamil should be taken up to 3-4 times a day. The maximum single dose of the drug should not exceed 160 mg, and the daily dose should not exceed 480 mg. The drug is eliminated from the body of patients with liver failure much more slowly, so the safe daily dose for them is 120 mg.
- Nifedipine
Unlike Verapamil, Nifedipine is not suitable for patients with arrhythmia and angina pectoris. This is due to the fact that the drug increases heart rate and reduces the force of heart contractions. In chronic heart failure, nifedipine can lead to a decrease in heart size.
The drug is available in dosages of 10 and 20 mg in the form of tablets, capsules and drops under the trade names “Cordafen”, “Corinfar”, “Nifecard” and some others. Depending on the form of the drug, its onset of action occurs 5-60 minutes after use, and the effect lasts from 15 minutes to 21 hours.
Taking nifedipine for a long time (more than 2-3 months) can be addictive.
If the medicine is still planned for long-term use, you should completely and completely follow the doctor’s instructions and follow the prescribed dosages.
- Amlodipine
Amlodipine can be prescribed for angina pectoris, but is contraindicated for arrhythmia. Available in the form of tablets with dosages of 5 and 10 mg. In pharmacies it can be found under the names “Amod”, “Normodipin”, “Cardilopin”, etc.
This drug for hypertension is often used by elderly people, as well as patients with renal failure, since dosage adjustment for amlodipine is not required for them. It is possible to combine the drug with diuretics.
Alpha blockers
Alpha blockers weaken the effect of adrenaline and norepinephrine on their receptors. Now hypertension is usually treated with other drugs - the only alpha-blocker used to lower blood pressure is doxasosin (Cardura, Zoxon), and then only in combination therapy.
