Pressure 50/30 mmHg. – serious health hazard

25.11.2018

A.A.

(Last update: 01/23/2019)

There are contraindications. Specialist consultation required

Today, the problem of blood pressure surges is acute in medicine. A large number of people suffer from low levels. Decreased vascular tone or hypotension is diagnosed when the pressure does not exceed 100/40 mm. rt. Art. But, if a person has a blood pressure of 50 to 30 mm. rt. Art., it is necessary to urgently call an ambulance, as loss of consciousness and coma are possible.

Characteristics and description of the problem

Pressure 50/30 mm. rt. Art. – a serious health hazard. Such indicators can lead to loss of consciousness, coma, collapse and even death. A decrease in blood pressure is caused by circulatory disorders, which can cause brain hypoxia and seizures. In the absence of emergency assistance, a person’s life is at risk.

Do not self-medicate. Consult a specialist:

Hypotension is a companion for those people who have a thin build and pale skin. Most often, the pathology is characteristic of adolescent children and female representatives. People who suffer from hypotension often experience weakness, headaches, dizziness and other negative symptoms. Often such pressure indicators are observed in people suffering from varicose veins.

Often, pathology is a sign of some kind of disease, but can occur independently in acute or chronic form. Acute pathology often occurs in the form of a hypertensive crisis, when blood pressure drops to 50/30 mm. rt. Art. People with this disease should not stand up abruptly and remain in an upright position for a long period of time.

A drop in blood pressure to critically low levels leads to incapacitation of the body's functionality. In this case, the parasympathetic nervous system is activated, which is responsible for muscle tone, sleep and digestion.

Treatment

The condition requires conservative therapy. The patient must constantly monitor his blood pressure using a tonometer and inform the doctor about any changes. Before using any medications, you should consult a specialist.

Emergency aid: what is best to have on hand

If there is a sudden decrease in pressure, your help should be to ensure normal cerebral blood flow. Algorithm of actions:

1. Lay the person down on the bed. The head should not be held in an elevated position. Lower it to improve blood flow to the brain.
2. Open the window, loosen tight clothes.
3. Give the patient warm sweet tea or coffee. Offer him dark chocolate or something salty - these foods tend to increase blood pressure.
4. If there is no caffeine at home, give the person citramon, panadol or askofen - they contain this substance in lower concentrations.
5. If someone has lost consciousness, give him a sniff of ammonia. Apply a few drops to a napkin/handkerchief and bring it to your nostrils.

When such measures are not effective, call an ambulance. If the person is unconscious, turn him on his side.

Continuous drug support

After determining the cause of hypotension, treatment for the underlying disease is prescribed.

Drug therapy to maintain stable blood pressure includes drugs from the following groups:

1. Caffeine-containing products that stimulate the activity of the nervous system, increase muscle tone (including those in the walls of blood vessels), and activate metabolic processes. The standard dosage for an adult is 1 tablet (200 mg) per day. Strictly contraindicated in the presence of arrhythmias. In pharmacies it is found under the name Caffeine Sodium Benzoate.
2. Herbal adaptogens are drugs with a general tonic effect. These include:
   Eleutherococcus tincture;
3. Schisandra chinensis;
4. Echinacea purpurea;
5. Ginseng.
6. Nootropic drugs (cerebroprotectors) – have protective properties, increase resistance to hypoxia, improve cognitive abilities (memory, intelligence), and normalize sleep. Among them are:
   Piracetam;
7. Glycine;
8. Noofen;

The following medicinal plants can be used as folk remedies to increase blood pressure:

• milk thistle leaves;
• sea ​​​​buckthorn;
• motherwort grass;
• liquorice root.

It is necessary to observe preventive measures: it is recommended to take walks in the fresh air more often, exercise, and take a contrast shower. To avoid orthostatic collapse, it is necessary to get out of bed slowly, first moving to a sitting position, then standing.

Causes of low blood pressure

The physiological characteristics of the human body are a prerequisite for the development of hypotension. Also, the appearance of pathology can be provoked by the following diseases and conditions:

• Kidney pathologies;
• Prolonged stress and overwork;
• Exhaustion of the body;
• Anemia;
• Toxic shock;
• Disruption of the endocrine, nervous or cardiovascular system;
• Peptic ulcer;
• Lack of vitamins in the body;
• Dehydration;
• Impaired functionality of the respiratory system;
• Heredity;
• Long-term power loads;
• Changes in weather conditions;
• Heart failure;
• Heatstroke;
• Acute pain syndrome;
• Sudden change in body position;
• Taking antihypertensive drugs;
• Osteochondrosis;
• TBI.

If the pressure drops to 50/30 mm. rt. Art, this indicates the development of collapse - a dangerous condition that is accompanied by impaired circulation in vital organs, which can lead to death.

This condition can have several causes:

• Infectious pathology in acute form;
• Poisoning of the body;
• Vascular insufficiency;
• Development of a cancerous tumor;
• Pathologies of the nervous and endocrine systems;
• Acute adrenal insufficiency;
• Severe blood loss;
• Diseases of the abdominal organs in acute form;
• Heart attack.

Also pressure 50/30 mm. rt. Art. may be a sign of shock - a life-threatening condition accompanied by disturbances in the central nervous system, blood circulation, respiration and metabolic processes. In this case, the heart muscle is not able to push blood through with the required force, which leads to disruption of the activity of all organs and systems. First of all, the functionality of the kidneys and brain is impaired, which can cause death.

Each of these conditions requires immediate medical attention. If it is absent, the mortality rate is between eighty-five and one hundred percent.

Most Common Causes of Low Blood Pressure

Common causes of a drop in blood pressure are:

1. A congenital feature of the body occurs in 7% of cases.
2. Heart failure, which often occurs due to myocarditis, endocarditis, and also as complications of influenza and sore throat.
3. VSD of hypotonic type. In this case, blood pressure often fluctuates due to the active work of the adrenal glands.
4. Exacerbation of stomach ulcers or pancreatitis.
5. Depression.
6. Visiting a Russian bath, sauna or thermal baths.

Low bottom pressure

Blood pressure is divided into two indicators - systolic (upper) and diastolic (lower). The first shows blood pressure during contraction of the heart muscle, and the second - at the moment of its relaxation. When exposed to negative factors, both of these indicators can deviate, both upward and downward.

Sometimes patients complain that only their lower pressure is low, while their upper pressure remains normal. This happens quite rarely. Usually, if blood pressure decreases, both indicators deviate at once. Regardless of whether only the lower pressure has decreased or in combination with the upper one, this indicates disturbances in the body or a short-term jump that occurs due to the influence of external factors.

• How to lower low blood pressure at home: folk remedies and medications

In people constantly exposed to heavy physical activity (athletes), blood pressure of 100/60 or even 90/50 becomes normal

Symptoms of pathology

Reduced blood pressure to 50/30 mm. rt. Art. accompanied by symptoms that are not difficult to notice. First of all, this is due to a circulatory disorder in the brain. As a result, tinnitus, weakness, headache, dizziness, darkening of the eyes, and frequent yawning appear.

Consciousness may become clouded, body temperature also decreases, the skin becomes pale and the nasolabial triangle turns blue, cold sweat appears, and tachycardia develops. Nausea and vomiting often occur.

As a result of a decrease in vascular tone, pathologies of the heart and blood vessels, chest pain, palpitations, lack of air, and numbness of the extremities may appear.

In severe cases, the following symptoms may develop:

1. Cooling of the skin;
2. Blueness of lips;
3. Marble pattern on the skin;
4. Dyspnea;
5. Fear of death;
6. Loss of consciousness;
7. Death.

Low pressure danger

When blood pressure decreases to 50/30 mm. rt. Art. it is necessary to immediately provide emergency assistance to the victim. Otherwise, a person may lose consciousness, fall and suffer a head injury, including a concussion.

With such blood pressure, the risk of strokes increases, as the tone of the coronary vessels is disrupted, as well as the formation of blood clots. The brain does not receive enough oxygen, which affects all organs and systems of the body.

The consequences of frequent low blood pressure are cumulative. During crises, the vessels contract and become toned, but such phenomena, which occur frequently, lead to the development of hypertension in the future. This is due to the structural restructuring of blood vessels. In this case, a slight increase in blood pressure will be tolerated by the person as a hypertensive crisis. In this case, the doctor must carefully select stabilizing drugs, otherwise there will be a sharp drop in blood pressure, collapse and death.

Causes of low blood pressure in older people

Most often, with age, the upper limit of blood pressure (BP) increases.
This is a normal process, although it is often associated with such a dangerous disease as hypertension. There are also opposite cases: old people develop low blood pressure (hypotension). Normal indicators for a person at 30 years old and at 60 are different. Systolic (upper) pressure of 140 mmHg. Art. for a young man it will be elevated, and for an elderly patient it will be normal.

Typically, hypotension occurs under the influence of several factors that disrupt the regulation of the internal environment of the body:

1. Playing sports – people who exercised actively in their youth have lower comfort pressure.
2. Weather changes - in old age, weather sensitivity increases.
3. Taking antihypertensive drugs (including incorrect ones: exceeding dosages), or the combined use of medications that enhance the effect of each other, can lead to a decrease in blood pressure.
4. Psycho-emotional stress causes dysfunction of the nervous system, resulting in disruption of blood pressure regulation.;
5. Postprandial hypotension occurs after eating. The parasympathetic nervous system is activated, which constricts some peripheral arteries and veins, dilating them in the gastrointestinal tract. This aids digestion but interferes with blood flow to the brain and heart.
6. Orthostatic hypotension is characterized by a decrease in blood pressure as a result of a sudden change in body position from horizontal to vertical. Its causes may be prolonged bed rest, varicose veins, other cardiac pathologies and endocrine disorders.

Involutional (age-related) changes in blood vessels have a significant impact, making them less elastic, thereby exposing them to negative influences.

Sometimes hypotension is associated with a genetic or constitutional predisposition. Thin people who had low blood pressure in their youth have even lower levels in old age.

Hypotension is often found among patients with the following groups of pathologies:

1. 
   Cardiovascular diseases (coronary disease, chronic failure). Hypotension occurs as a consequence of decreased contractile function. Systolic volume falls, lowering blood pressure.

2. The presence of internal bleeding (most often from the gastrointestinal tract) leads to a decrease in circulating blood volume (CBV), and, as a result, pressure. In chronic cases, anemia occurs.
3. Infectious diseases. Under the influence of bacterial toxins, the lumen of blood vessels can expand. In addition, they negatively affect myocardial contractility. Some infections are accompanied by vomiting and diarrhea, which also reduces blood volume.
4. Dehydration occurs both due to insufficient intake of fluid into the body and due to its increased excretion. This often happens with fever, kidney diseases, which are accompanied by polyuria (increased urination), massive vomiting and diarrhea.
5. Addison's disease is adrenal gland insufficiency. It leads to a deficiency of mineralocorticoids, hormones that are responsible for regulating blood pressure.
6. With vegetative-vascular (neurocirculatory) dystonia, a disorder in the connection between the cerebral cortex and the hypothalamus occurs, as a result of which the regulation of certain physiological processes in the body, including pressure, is disrupted. Most often, this condition develops in young people, especially women.

Vascular aging: what is it from a medical point of view?

Blood vessels are susceptible to aging. Age is reflected in their functional status, which ultimately also affects blood pressure.

Structural and functional changes are distinguished.

Impaired elasticity of the vascular wall in the first group. It occurs due to the proliferation of connective tissue and atherosclerotic plaques. Smooth muscle atrophies, causing the vessel to stretch and cannot contract. Large main arteries are more susceptible to the process. The affected capillaries become tortuous and elongated, many of them are completely obliterated (overgrown), as a result of which peripheral resistance increases and venous stagnation occurs.

In older people, veins dilate, the tone of their walls decreases, and varicose veins, phlebitis and other diseases may occur. Against this background, venous return to the heart and its systolic output decrease, which is one of the main causes of low blood pressure.

The endothelium (inner epithelial layer) has not only a protective function, but also a regulatory one. It produces biologically active substances that affect the tone of the vessel and its permeability. Aging of this system leads to changes in total peripheral resistance.

All of the above mechanisms more often lead to increased blood pressure with age. But there are exceptions, and blood pressure drops in similar situations.

Complications and consequences

Blood pressure 50/30 mm. rt. Art. – a dangerous condition, which indicates the development of collapse. Collapse is a drop in blood pressure, impaired circulation in organs and tissues, vascular insufficiency, and cerebral hypoxia. It requires immediate treatment, otherwise death occurs.

If a person stays for a long time with low blood pressure, there is a risk of developing cardiogenic shock. It will develop rapidly. There will be pain in the heart area, arrhythmia, tachycardia, pale skin, blue lips. In 70% of cases, a stroke develops, and seven out of ten people die due to thrombosis of the arteries of the brain or heart.

conclusions

Low blood pressure is rare in people over 50 years of age. The main cause of the phenomenon is considered to be genetic predisposition. This condition (sometimes caused by coronary artery disease, or impaired renal function) can be accompanied by a sharp disruption of cerebral blood supply, and therefore requires close attention.

Treatment of hypotension in older people includes the use of medications such as caffeine and herbal tonics. Physiotherapeutic measures are also recommended for the patient.

First aid

If a person's blood pressure has dropped, the following measures should be taken:

1. Call an emergency team;
2. Lay the victim so that his head is higher than his feet;
3. Give a person to drink a painkiller if there is severe pain in the head;
4. Provide fresh air.

Do not give the victim alcoholic beverages, coffee and caffeine-based drugs, as well as medications that increase blood pressure without a doctor’s prescription. Otherwise, a sharp increase in blood pressure, development of collapse and death is possible.

A person with a blood pressure of 50/30 mm. rt. Art. must be taken to a hospital where he will receive emergency care. Self-medication is unacceptable.

Emergency medical care

Emergency treatment methods will depend on the cause of the drop in blood pressure to low levels. The main thing is to correctly establish the cause of the pathology that led to this condition. If there is bleeding, it must be stopped; in case of intoxication, toxins are eliminated from the body, brain hypoxia is eliminated, etc. In some cases, doctors perform transfusions of blood components or blood substitutes.

When blood pressure drops to 50/30 mm. rt. Art. Doctors administer Prednisolone to a person; the dosage is calculated individually in each specific case. If no effect is observed, Metasone, adrenaline, norepinephrine or dopamine are administered. For acidosis, sodium bicarbonate solution is administered.

Therapy

Usually when blood pressure drops to a blood pressure level of up to 50/30 mm. rt. Art. use "Cordiamid", "Ephedrine" or "Tonocard". If necessary, resuscitation measures are carried out. In order for a person to feel good, it is necessary not only to increase blood pressure, but also to eliminate the cause of this pathology. This is the only way the prognosis for recovery will be good.

Doctors use the following drugs as medical treatment:

Adaptogens: Pantocrine, Saparal, lemongrass, ginseng. They help increase the body's ability to resist external influences. These drugs have a mild effect on the body.

Analeptics: “Cordiamin”, “Etimizol”. They have a strong effect on the brain, normalize breathing and blood circulation, and stimulate the central nervous system.

Alpha adrenergic agonists: “Gutron”, “Methazon”. The drugs are used to quickly normalize blood pressure.

The choice of drugs for the treatment of hypotension should be made by the attending physician. It depends on the causes of low blood pressure, the patient’s condition, the individual characteristics of the body and other factors. But all drugs have a sufficient effect that can normalize blood pressure.

Forecast

It is important to promptly provide assistance to a person whose blood pressure has dropped to low levels. Otherwise, cardiogenic shock may develop, a common cause of death. Treatment of hypotension should be comprehensive; the choice of treatment tactics should be made by a doctor.

Preventive actions

To prevent blood pressure from falling to 50/30 mm. rt. Art., it is necessary to lead a healthy lifestyle, eliminate bad habits, and eat healthy food.

It is important to promptly treat cardiovascular pathologies and treat the nervous system if necessary. Doctors recommend that hypotensive patients engage in physical activity to maintain vascular tone and normalize sleep and wakefulness.

At the first symptoms of low blood pressure, you should call an ambulance.