Hypertension: risk factors, treatment and prevention methods

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Hypertension grade 2, risk 3, is increasingly being diagnosed in patients who seek medical help from a general practitioner citing only primary symptoms indicating the presence of high blood pressure. In most cases, based on the results of the examination, it is established that the patient already has a more severe degree of hypertension, which is difficult to attribute to the initial stage of its manifestation. Hypertension of the 2nd degree, risk of the 3rd degree is precisely such a disease. This disease affects the vascular tissues of people of all age categories, regardless of their social status, material wealth and living conditions. What is arterial hypertension stage 2 risk 3? If previously high blood pressure predominantly affected older men and women, or those over 55 years of age, today the disease has become significantly younger and is regularly diagnosed in patients who are barely 30 years old.

Causes

Stage 2 hypertension is one of the most common cardiovascular diseases. According to the World Health Organization, every third adult suffers from it.

The disease tends to progress unnoticed, which is why the diagnosis often becomes an unpleasant surprise for the patient. Before learning about the disease, a person pays attention to periodic mood swings, irritability, and fatigue in the morning. Frequent dizziness and memory impairment indicate the development of hypertension. After a short rest, they disappear for a short time, after which they can become permanent.

Despite the fact that hypertension initially represents a disruption in the regulation of vascular pressure, over time it contributes to the development of diseases of the internal organs, and later portal hypertension may appear. Among diseases leading to rapid death, hypertension occupies a leading position. It provokes angina pectoris and stroke.

Many people associate the causes of stage 2 hypertension with the fact of aging of the body. Many older people actually face this problem, but it can occur not only in older people, but also in fairly young people. High blood pressure may result from:

• genetic predisposition;
• decreased elasticity of the walls of blood vessels and the vascular system;
• sedentary lifestyle;
• drinking alcohol, smoking and other bad habits;
• obesity, overweight;
• unbalanced diet;

• disorders associated with the genitourinary system;
• disorders associated with the functioning of the endocrine system;
• pathologies during pregnancy;
• various tumors;
• excessive salt intake;
• disruption of the vascular system;
• kidney diseases;
• disruptions of the hormonal system;
• low stress resistance.

A mild form of the disease occurs in many residents of industrial cities with a population of over a million, where the accelerated pace of life leads to high blood pressure. It is acceptable to treat grade 2 hypertension with ACE inhibitor drugs, since with high blood pressure the nervous system and most of the internal organs are exposed to stress, which feel a lack or excess of blood flow. This helps treat the symptoms of stage 2 hypertension. Inattention to the signs and untimely treatment can lead to disastrous conditions such as cerebral and pulmonary edema. There is also a high probability of the patient developing a stroke or heart attack. In this regard, many are interested in: how to treat stage 2 hypertension? The method of therapy is identical to that used in stage 1 treatment, but differs in the dosage and number of medications used per day.

Doctors will categorize hypertension according to risk levels. The evaluation criteria include:

• the presence of factors that have a detrimental effect on the patient’s health;
• the likelihood of permanent loss of brain function;
• the possibility of dysfunction in the functioning of the patient’s internal organs when blood pressure changes.

However, there are a number of other factors that provoke the development of hypertension in humans. These are the patient’s age, the amount of cholesterol in the blood, and smoking.

Risk factors for developing hypertension

There are a number of conditions that influence the occurrence and development of hypertension. About sixty percent of adults have some risk factor for hypertension, and half of them have more than one factor, resulting in a significantly increased overall risk of the disease.

Heredity

Arterial hypertension in first-degree relatives (father, mother, grandparents, siblings) reliably means an increased likelihood of developing the disease. The risk increases even more if two or more relatives have high blood pressure.

Floor

Men are more predisposed to developing arterial hypertension, especially at the age of 35-50 years. However, after menopause, the risk increases significantly in women.

Age

High blood pressure most often develops in people over 35 years of age. The older a person is, the higher their blood pressure numbers tend to be.

Stress and mental strain

The stress hormone adrenaline causes the heart to beat faster, pumping more blood per unit of time, resulting in increased blood pressure. If stress continues for a long time, then the constant load wears out the blood vessels. Increased blood pressure becomes chronic.

Alcohol consumption

This is one of the main reasons for high blood pressure. Daily consumption of strong alcoholic drinks increases blood pressure by 5-6 mm. rt. Art. in year.

Atherosclerosis

Excess cholesterol leads to loss of elasticity in the arteries, and atherosclerotic plaques narrow the lumen of blood vessels, which makes it difficult for the heart to function. All this leads to increased blood pressure. However, hypertension, in turn, spurs the development of atherosclerosis, so these diseases are risk factors for each other.

Smoking

When components of tobacco smoke enter the bloodstream, they cause vasospasm. Not only nicotine, but also other substances contained in tobacco contribute to mechanical damage to the walls of the arteries, which predisposes to the formation of atherosclerotic plaques in this area.

Excess dietary sodium

Modern man consumes much more table salt with food than his body needs. Excess salt in the body often leads to spasm of the arteries, fluid retention in the body and, as a consequence, to the development of arterial hypertension.

Physical inactivity

People who lead a sedentary lifestyle are 20-50% more likely to develop hypertension than those who are actively involved in sports or physical labor. An untrained heart copes worse with stress, and metabolism is slower. In addition, physical activity helps cope with stress, while physical inactivity weakens the nervous system and the body as a whole.

Obesity

Overweight people have higher blood pressure than thin people. This is not surprising, since obesity is often associated with other listed factors - an abundance of animal fats in the diet (which causes atherosclerosis), consumption of salty foods, and low physical activity. It is estimated that every kilogram of excess weight means an increase in blood pressure by 2 mmHg.

If you have counted at least two risk factors, the risk of developing hypertension is already quite high. We advise you to pay attention to prevention and periodically be examined by a therapist or cardiologist.

Diagnostics

To diagnose stage 2 hypertension, instrumental and physical methods are used. The attending physician carefully listens to all the patient’s complaints about his health, after which he conducts a series of examinations aimed at measuring blood pressure. After recording blood pressure readings for several weeks, the doctor makes a conclusion about the degree of hypertension and further prescription of treatment for the patient. If he was initially diagnosed with grade 2 hypertension, then it becomes easier to diagnose later grades based on worsening blood pressure readings.

Methods for physical diagnosis of stage 2 hypertension include the following:

• examination of the functioning of peripheral vessels;
• systematic measurement of the patient’s blood pressure;
• performing percussion of the vascular bundle;
• examining the patient's skin for hyperemia and swelling.

Instrumental methods for diagnosing stage 2 hypertension include:

• Ultrasound of the liver, kidneys, pancreas, endocrine glands;
• ultrasound diagnostics of the heart;
• echocardiogram to detect ventricular hypertrophy;
• electrocardiogram;
• Dopplerography.

Such techniques help to identify the main symptoms and causes of the disease.

Hypertension has three degrees of severity:

• Stage 1 hypertension. It is the initial stage of the disease, has a mild form, and symptoms are mild. Blood pressure at this stage of hypertension averages 150-95 mm Hg.
• Hypertension 2 degrees. Symptoms become quite pronounced, headaches, dizziness, chest pain, and sleep problems appear. Blood pressure averages 170-105 mmHg.
• Hypertension 3 degrees. Stage 3 hypertension is a severe form of hypertension; blood pressure averages 180-120 mmHg. Often accompanied by diseases such as arrhythmia, chronic heart and kidney failure. Portal hypertension appears.

Features of treatment

Every hypertensive person is concerned with the question of whether arterial hypertension can be cured. Traditional methods are powerless here. Treatment is complex and depends on the form of the disease, the condition of the internal organs and concomitant pathologies. Cardiologists prescribe a number of drugs that complement and enhance each other’s effects in order to bring the tonometer readings closer to 130/80 mmHg. This:

• Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors;
• Beta blockers;
• Angiotensin 2 antagonists;
• Calcium channel blockers;
• Diuretics;
• Antagonists of Renin.

Drugs and their dosage are prescribed strictly individually. This takes into account the patient’s age, weight, medical history and blood tests. It is necessary to strictly adhere to the therapeutic regimen, without independently changing one drug for another, canceling treatment or increasing the number of tablets. When taking many antihypertensive drugs, an addiction syndrome occurs, so abrupt withdrawal can lead to a hypertensive crisis.

Important! The prognosis of therapy is not always favorable. It depends on the characteristics of the course of the disease, concomitant disorders, and the timeliness of treatment started. What are the risks of stage 2 hypertension? Risk 2 is disability.

Symptoms

With stage 1 hypertension, blood pressure increases to 150-95 mmHg and tends to be constant over a fairly long period of time. To reduce indicators, the patient needs to create favorable conditions to improve well-being.

The first symptoms of stage 1 hypertension are often not perceived by patients

as the main risk factor for the development of stage 2 hypertension, but most patients consult doctors with complaints of constant headaches, poor sleep, chest pain, and periodic blurred vision. The presence of small hypertensive crises is noted. The performance of the heart and kidneys remains within normal limits. They do not have any damage associated with hypertension.

The ambiguity of the symptoms of stage 2 hypertension makes it difficult to diagnose the disease in a patient, since high blood pressure can be associated with a large number of other problems in the body. When diagnosing the disease, specialists pay attention to the main symptoms of stage 2 hypertension. This:

• The appearance of swelling of the face and swelling of the eyelids and eyes.
• The appearance of spider veins on the surface of the facial skin.
• Painful throbbing in the temples.
• The appearance of aching pain in the back of the head.
• Lack of vigor and energy after a night's sleep.
• Apathy and irritability.
• Swelling of the hands.
• Periodic darkening of the eyes, inability to focus vision.
• Increased heart rate with low physical activity.
• Memory problems.

What is hypertension?

The word hypertension is used to refer to persistently elevated blood pressure. An increase in blood pressure occurs when there is a narrowing of the arteries and/or their smaller branches, the arterioles. Arteries are the main transport routes through which blood is delivered to all tissues of the body. In some people, the arterioles often narrow, initially due to spasm, and later their lumen remains permanently narrowed due to wall thickening. And then, in order for the blood flow to overcome these constrictions, the work of the heart increases, more blood is released into the vascular bed. Hypertension develops. Very rarely, in approximately one in ten patients, the cause of increased blood pressure is damage to an organ. In these cases we talk about secondary or symptomatic hypertension. In the vast majority of cases, approximately 90% of patients, we are talking about so-called primary, or essential hypertension. Despite the fact that the cause of high blood pressure in these patients has not yet been fully established, there is no doubt that untreated hypertension is a serious threat to their health. The most common complications of hypertension are damage to vital organs such as the heart, brain and kidneys. The main symptom of arterial hypertension is high blood pressure (above 160/95 mm Hg), which may be accompanied by headache, dizziness, flashing before the eyes of spots, spots, circles, and decreased visual acuity. Pain in the heart area, a feeling of palpitations and interruptions in the functioning of the heart are possible. During an increase in pressure, a feeling of heat may occur, the face and other areas of the skin turn red, and then sweat appears on them. The limbs, on the contrary, tend to get cold. In later stages of the disease, symptoms of circulatory failure appear: blueness of the tip of the nose, fingers (acrocyanosis), swelling, shortness of breath during exercise, and eventually at rest. Other symptoms of arterial hypertension do not go unnoticed by the doctor: an increase in the size of the heart, a change in its tones when listening. As the disease progresses, signs of brain and kidney damage appear.

Treatment of hypertension

Stage 1 hypertension is the most favorable for treatment, since the underdeveloped disease has not yet had a strong impact on the patient’s health. Following basic rules of a healthy diet and lifestyle can be effective in preventing the first symptoms.

The treatment of stage 1 hypertension includes two treatment methods:

• traditional, drug treatment;
• treatment with traditional medicine.

Can hypertension be cured? Treatment of stage 2 hypertension not only helps to improve the patient’s quality of life, but also prevents the likelihood of a hypertensive crisis, stroke or myocardial infarction.

The use of a medicinal method for treating stage 2 hypertension includes taking medications that will help fight the primary causes of hypertension. To do this, experts recommend taking neurostimulants or psychotropic drugs to reduce stress and blood pressure; sedatives to normalize tissue metabolism. These include antidepressants and tranquilizers. They often resort to the use of sedatives (valerian), drugs containing bromine, sleeping pills, and drugs containing magnesium.

Another group for drug treatment of stage 1 hypertension is diuretics. They help reduce retained fluid in the body and remove salts from it.

Since the main problem associated with stage 1 hypertension is high blood pressure, it is often necessary to use a group of drugs designed to effectively reduce levels. They belong to the group of vasodilator drugs and have a peripheral effect, preventing the progression of the disease caused by portal hypertension.

If there is a lack of effective use of the above medications, doctors resort to the use of antihypertensive drugs. They are prescribed to stabilize blood pressure and prevent the progression of diseases of the cardiovascular system. These include:

• beta blockers;
• thiazide diuretics;
• calcium channel blockers;
• ACE inhibitors.

The use of thiazide diuretics reduces the risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. Doctors often prescribe thiazide diuretics such as the medications Torasemide, Furosemide, Amiloride, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide, and Hydrochlorothiazide.

The use of beta blockers reduces blood pressure by reducing heart rate and blood output. Usually prescribed in the presence of ischemic disease. These drugs can normalize blood pressure in case of cardiac arrhythmia, heart failure, tachycardia, and angina. These include:

• "Labetalol";
• "Acebutolol";
• "Sotalol";
• "Pondolol";
• "Bisoprolol";
• "Nebivolol".

The functions of ACE inhibitors include a decrease in angiotensin-converting enzymes. This treatment is prescribed when the patient has suffered a myocardial infarction, heart failure, body problems that accompany diabetes, or vascular pathology that causes portal hypertension. These drugs are especially recommended if the patient has stage 3 hypertension.

Before taking medications belonging to any of these groups, be sure to consult a specialist to prescribe the correct dosage. Doctors advise using complex therapy with constant monitoring of blood pressure.

Diet is one of the basic principles of treating stage 1 hypertension, since the treatment regimen requires, at a minimum, to reduce the level of salt in the blood.

Based on this, nutritionists recommend completely avoiding eating salty, fatty and fried foods, as well as foods containing light carbohydrates.

Treatment does not imply a reduction in the patient’s active lifestyle. Light physical activity, used in physical therapy, promotes better absorption of medications by the body. It is worth sticking to a proper sleep schedule, avoiding stressful situations and giving up bad habits.

Traditional methods of treatment, which our ancestors resorted to, are herbal remedies with a sedative effect that help fight high blood pressure. A large number of infusions with mint, hawthorn, yarrow, with the addition of green tea, rose hips and lemon are used, which are excellent remedies for hypertension.

Hypertension: risk factors, treatment and prevention methods

Gilmanshina Diana Ralifovna

Cardiologist, general practitioner
Hypertension
is a pathology of the cardiovascular system, developing as a result of dysfunction of higher centers of vascular regulation, neurohumoral and renal mechanisms and leading to arterial hypertension, functional and organic changes in the heart, central nervous system and kidneys.

Arterial hypertension (AH)

– stable increase in systolic pressure more than 140 mmHg. Art. or diastolic more than 90 mm Hg. Art.

According to research, arterial hypertension is one of the most common chronic diseases. Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in the practice of general practitioners and cardiologists.

Arterial hypertension occurs in approximately one third of the population of most developed and developing countries. According to recent epidemiological studies in Russia, about 48% of men and 40% of women have arterial hypertension.

Risk factors for hypertension.

They can be conditionally divided into irremovable and removable.

Unavoidable risk factors for hypertension:

• Age (the incidence of the disease is more common after 45 years).

• Gender (men are more susceptible to hypertension).

• Genetic predisposition, heredity (if one of the parents had the disease, the probability is 50–60%, if both parents were sick, the probability is almost 100%).

Avoidable risk factors:

• Overweight and obesity (if the waist circumference in men is 102 cm or more, and in women – 88 cm or more). It is known that for every 10 kg of excess weight, systolic (upper) blood pressure increases by 2-3 mmHg, and diastolic (lower) - by 1-3 mmHg.

• Smoking.

• Nutritional factors.

• Poor nutrition (excessive consumption of table salt, overeating, excessive consumption of animal fats, lack of dairy products, vegetables and fruits).

• Abuse of alcohol and coffee.

• Chronic stress.

• Physical inactivity – sedentary lifestyle (risk increases by 20 – 50%).

• Presence of concomitant diseases (diabetes mellitus, kidney pathology and atherosclerosis).

You need to know that arterial hypertension ranks first in its contribution to mortality from cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Most often, patients die from its complications. The relationship between blood pressure (BP) and CVD risk is continuous, constant and independent of other risk factors.

With a long-term or malignant course of hypertension, chronic damage to the blood vessels of target organs develops: the brain, kidneys, heart, eyes.

Instability of blood circulation in these organs against the background of persistently elevated blood pressure can cause the development of:

• angina pectoris, • myocardial infarction, • hemorrhagic or ischemic stroke, • cardiac asthma, pulmonary edema, • dissecting aortic aneurysm, • retinal detachment, etc.

The development of acute emergency conditions against the background of hypertension requires a decrease in blood pressure in the first minutes and hours, as it can lead to the death of the patient.

The course of hypertension is often complicated by hypertensive crises - periodic short-term increases in blood pressure. The development of crises may be preceded by emotional or physical overstrain, stress, changes in meteorological conditions, etc. In a hypertensive crisis, there is a sudden rise in blood pressure, which can last several hours or days and is accompanied by dizziness, severe headaches, a feeling of heat, increased heartbeat, vomiting, cardialgia (pain in the heart area), visual impairment. During a hypertensive crisis, patients are frightened, excited or inhibited, and drowsy; in severe cases they may lose consciousness.

Against the background of a hypertensive crisis and existing organic changes in blood vessels, myocardial infarction, acute cerebrovascular accidents, and acute left ventricular failure can often occur.

Hypertension is classified according to a number of characteristics:

reasons for the rise in blood pressure, damage to target organs (brain, blood vessels, heart, kidneys), by blood pressure level, by course, etc.

According to the etiological principle, they distinguish:

- essential (primary) - secondary (symptomatic, i.e. against the background of other diseases) arterial hypertension

Depending on the level there are:

• Optimal blood pressure is < 120/80 mm Hg. Art. • Normal blood pressure - 120-129 /84 mm Hg. Art. • Borderline normal blood pressure - 130-139/85-89 mm Hg. Art. • Arterial hypertension of the 1st degree - 140-159/90-99 mm Hg. Art. • Arterial hypertension II degree - 160-179/100-109 mm Hg. Art. • Stage III arterial hypertension - more than 180/110 mm Hg. Art.

Treatment.

When treating hypertension, it is important not only to lower blood pressure, but also to correct and reduce the risk of complications as much as possible. It is impossible to completely cure hypertension, but it is quite possible to stop its development and reduce the frequency of crises.

Hypertension requires the combined efforts of the patient and the doctor to achieve a common goal.

At any stage of hypertension it is necessary:

• Follow a diet with increased consumption of potassium and magnesium, limiting the consumption of table salt;

• Stop or sharply limit alcohol intake and smoking;

• Get rid of excess weight;

• Increase physical activity: it is useful to engage in swimming, physical therapy, and walking;

• Take prescribed medications systematically and for a long time under the control of blood pressure and dynamic supervision of a cardiologist.

The criteria for the effectiveness of treatment of hypertension is the achievement of:

•
short-term goals:
maximum reduction in blood pressure to a level of good tolerance;

• medium-term goals:

preventing the development or progression of changes in target organs;

• long term goals:

prevention of cardiovascular and other complications and prolongation of the patient’s life.

Cardiologist, Candidate of Medical Sciences Diana Ralifovna Gilmanshina.

At-risk groups

Stage 2 arterial hypertension is divided into 4 risk groups. They increase as symptoms progress. Pathology can lead to a hypertensive crisis, which promotes rapid damage to internal organs affected by hypertension. The nervous system suffers no less; even during night sleep, it cannot fully recover due to stress caused by pressure surges during arterial hypertension of the 2nd degree.

Benign hypertension and malignant hypertension are also distinguished, which mainly depends on the activity of converting hypertension from one stage to another. In the presence of a malignant form with active development, the disease can lead to death, which is associated with thickening of the vessel walls due to increased pressure in the arteries and rapid pumping of blood through them.

Hypertension stage 2, risk 2 . Appears with vascular atherosclerosis, which is accompanied by frequent pain in the chest area. This occurs as a result of a lack of blood flow into the coronary artery.

This pathology of arterial hypertension of the 2nd degree (risk 2) refers to heart diseases of moderate severity, since over time, less than a quarter of patients have the risk of developing a cardiovascular disorder with great danger to life.

The possibility of establishing a diagnosis of stage 2 hypertension (risk 2) in a patient is only possible if at the time of diagnosis the patient did not have diabetes mellitus, stroke, and the endocrine system did not suffer changes. Excess weight of a patient can have dangerous and irreversible consequences for the body.

Hypertension stage 2, risk 3 . It is usually diagnosed in a patient in parallel with atherosclerosis, diabetes mellitus, and deformed vessels, which are usually associated with a developed form of hypertension. Against the background of these diseases, progressive kidney pathology is often detected. With grade 2 hypertension (risk 3), coronary pressure worsens, resulting in ischemia or hypertensive crisis, which, against the background of pathology, leads to emotional instability of the patient. Often, type 2 hypertension (3) can lead to disability.

Hypertension stage 2, risk 4 . In the presence of a complex of diseases, which includes diabetes, ischemia and atherosclerosis, the patient is diagnosed with stage 2 hypertension (risk 4). This diagnosis is also given to people who have experienced a heart attack, regardless of the affected area.

In any case, specialists are able to predict the degree of development of hypertension, which, in turn, leads to the prevention of disease progression in the presence of effective treatment. Timely diagnosis reduces the regularity of the occurrence of hypertensive crises that occur against the background of pathology.

Disability

After the patient undergoes a comprehensive examination of the body, the attending physician, if there are sufficient grounds, decides to refer the patient to a medical commission, which includes a board of physicians that has the authority to draw up a conclusion on the person’s incapacity for work due to the presence of a chronic disease. Hypertension of degree 2, risk 3, belongs to a group of similar pathologies and the patient actually has the right to receive the status of a disabled person. What disability group can be obtained for hypertension?

Third disability group.

In most cases, patients are assigned disability group 3, which entitles them to receive social assistance from the state based on the amount of the minimum pension. These are payments intended to ensure that a hypertensive patient has the opportunity to purchase medications that will quickly relieve a hypertensive crisis, or to keep it under constant control by regularly taking medications. Patients with disability group 3 and arterial hypertension of degree 2, risk 3, have the right to work, but the list of types of employment is significantly limited, since there is a high probability that the person will suddenly become ill, feel dizzy, or experience a jump in blood pressure with further loss of consciousness.

Therefore, after receiving the status of a disabled person of group 3, a hypertensive person cannot be allowed to work related to the performance of the following job duties:

• installation of metal connections and work with various objects on high-rise buildings and structures;
• driving vehicles, mechanisms, equipment and installations that belong to the category of increased danger, and loss of control over them can lead to an emergency situation;
• performing welding work using electric and gas equipment;
• mental employment, which involves intense mental activity throughout the working day;
• specialties related to psycho-emotional stress.

Patients with stage 2 hypertension with risk 3, who have received group 3 disabled status, are recommended to lead a measured lifestyle and work in positions that balance mental activity and minor physical activity.

Second disability group.

This disability group can also be assigned to a patient with arterial hypertension of degree 2 with risk 3, but only if the examination results revealed irreversible changes in the tissues of the following organs:

• kidneys;
• heart muscle;
• eyeball;
• brain;
• vessel walls.

In this case, a cause-and-effect relationship must be established, indicating that the disease arose precisely because of the presence of hypertension. There must also be a significant probability that the patient may at any time experience an ischemic cerebral stroke, myocardial infarction, visual impairment, or the development of renal failure. The general practitioner or cardiologist indicates these risk factors in the patient’s medical record and the referral sheet to the medical commission, which establishes the patient’s disability with recommendations for assignment of disabled status. The presence of disability group 2 excludes the opportunity to work and lead an active lifestyle. It is believed that a patient with this group can perform only the most basic actions. The ICD code for hypertension stage 2, risk 3 is 10:11.

Disability due to hypertension 2nd degree

Stage 2 hypertension may be a reason to give a person a disability group. If there is a persistent impairment of the body's performance in a patient suffering from stage 2 hypertension, the patient is referred for examination to experts to clarify all indicators. The degree of disability is influenced by factors such as:

• stage of the disease;
• number of hypertensive crises;
• working conditions of the patient.

Establishment of a disability group is required for the patient to secure employment with special working conditions. Patients who have received a disability with a diagnosis of hypertension of the 2nd degree must be allowed to work subject to certain restrictions, which include:

• strong vibration and noise;
• physical exercise;
• emotional exhaustion;
• high altitude;
• long working day.

When diagnosed with stage 2 malignant hypertension, the patient receives group 2 disability due to inability to work. To confirm the conclusion, a medical examination is carried out once a year. Assigning a disability group to a patient with hypertension of 2 and 3 degrees is associated with the requirement of social protection of patients, since it has limited ability to work.

Consequences of violation

Why is this phase of hypertension dangerous? There are several complications, and complications that pose a real threat to life and health.

• If stage 2 arterial hypertension is diagnosed, the risk of stage 3 and stage 4 of the disease becomes as high as possible.
• The likelihood of developing a hypertensive crisis, which can result in a heart attack and stroke, also increases.
• The heart experiences constant stress, which leads to heart failure and other disorders.
• Almost every hypertensive patient whose disease has progressed to the second stage is diagnosed with atherosclerosis, in which the vessels are clogged with plaques that impede blood flow.
• The mechanism for the development of kidney and liver pathologies associated with poor vascular patency is triggered.

A common complication of hypertension is damage to the blood vessels of the eyes, which lead to deterioration of vision.

Stage 2 hypertension can develop over years (benign form) or rapidly progress to the next stage (malignant form). In the second case, people sometimes do not have time to take care of their health and stop the process, which leads to irreparable consequences, including death.

Stage 2 hypertension and disability

Manifestations of hypertensive disease are not always completely removable. Especially often, people with a malignant form of the disease face the fact that treatment does not bring the desired effect. In this case, the person loses the ability to work fully and receives the status of a disabled person with a number of restrictions. The patient is prohibited from:

• work in extreme conditions;
• work more than 7 hours a day;
• be at heights and at high temperatures while working;
• experience stress and increased physical activity.

Disability, if the disease does not progress to stages 3 and 4, is temporary and is removed when the patient’s condition improves. If complications do not allow a full recovery, a person can work only in certain conditions that take into account the specifics of the course of the disease, for example, remotely.